Thursday, November 8, 2018

Reel Cowboys, Cowgirls, etc -- Chatsworth's Six-Gun Heroes



Who was your favorite six-gun hero?  Hoppy, Gene, Roy, the Lone Ranger or maybe the Duke!  Did he or she work in Chatsworth?  

Most all of the B-Western stars, between the 1930s and 1950s, made movies on one or more of Chatsworth's location ranches.  I have been posting their Chatsworth filmographies under "Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas."  Check to see if I’ve included your favorite star, and if I've overlooked your hero or heroine let me know.




Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Wild Bill Elliott

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- William S. Hart

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Tom Mix

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Gene Autry

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Rex Allen




Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- William Boyd (Hopalong Cassidy)

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Bob Steele

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Buck Jones

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Charles Starrett

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Clayton Moore

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Dick Foran

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Duncan Renaldo

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Eddie Dean

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Buster Crabbe

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- George O'Brien

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Hoot Gibson




Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- John Wayne

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Johnny Mack Brown

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Ray Corrigan

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Ken Maynard

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Lash LaRue

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Dave O'Brien




Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Roy Rogers

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Don Barry

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Rocky Lane

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Tim McCoy

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Robert Livingston

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Sunset Carson

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Gilbert Roland

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Tim Holt




Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Gary Cooper

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Rod Cameron

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Randolph Scott

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Tom Tyler

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Jock Mahoney

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- George Montgomery

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Wayne Morris

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- George Houston

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- James Ellison

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Tom Keene

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Tex Ritter

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Monte Hale

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Russell Hayden

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Whip Wilson

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Kermit Maynard

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Glenn Ford

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Addison 'Jack' Randall

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Hal Taliaferro

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Harry Carey

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Rex Bell

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Jack Perrin

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- William Holden

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Jack Luden

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Joel McCrea

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Kirby Grant

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Fred MacMurray

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Jon Hall

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Ernest Borgnine

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Preston Foster

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Audie Murphy

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Bob Baker




Reel Cowgirls of the Santa Susanas -- Peggy Stewart

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Rory Calhoun

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Sterling Hayden
https://a-drifting-cowboy.blogspot.com/2012/08/reel-cowboys-of-santa-susanas-sterling.html

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Forrest Tucker

Reel Little Cowboy of the Santa Susanas -- Robert "Bobby" Winckler

Four Legged Pals -- Those Wonderful Movie Horses

Four Legged Pals -- More Wonderful Movie Horses - part 2

Four Legged Pals -- More Wonderful Movie Horses - part 3

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Errol Flynn

Reel Cowgirls of the Santa Susanas -- Barbara Stanwyck

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Jim Bannon

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Lee Powell

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Jim Davis

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Harry Carey

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Richard Dix

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Fred Scott

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- John Carradine

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Warner Baxter

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Scott Brady

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Henry Fonda

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Dale Robertson

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Tyrone Power

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- John Derek

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Anthony Quinn

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Hank Bell

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Raymond Hatton

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- David Sharpe

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Richard Arlen

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Johnny Carpenter




Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Reed Hadley

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Jimmy Wakely

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- John Payne

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Dan Duryea

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- James Arness

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Howard Duff

Reel Little Cowboy of the Santa Susanas -- Sammy McKim

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Bob Allen

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- John Agar

Reel Little Cowboy of the Santa Susanas -- Tommy Ivo

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Ken Curtis

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Dennis Morgan

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Lloyd Bridges

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Richard Boone

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Rex Reason




Reel Indians of the Santa Susanas -- Jay Silverheels

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Wallace Beery

Reel Indians of the Santa Susanas -- Chief Thundercloud

Reel Indians of the Santa Susanas -- Iron Eyes Cody

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Guinn 'Big Boy' Williams

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Noah Beery Jr.

Reel Cowgirls of the Santa Susanas -- Nell O'Day

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Alan Ladd

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Victor Mature

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- William Bishop

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- James Garner

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Robert Mitchum

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Charles Bronson

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Reb Russell

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Andy Devine

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- James Brown

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Brian Donlevy

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Jack Hoxie




Reel Sidekicks of the Santa Susanas -- Gabby Hayes

Reel Little Cowboy of the Santa Susanas -- Don Reynolds

Reel Sidekicks of the Santa Susanas -- Emmett Lynn

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Bill Williams

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Guy Madison

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Ward Bond

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Walter Brennan

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Grant Withers

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- John Carroll

Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Philip Carey




Reel Cowboys of the Santa Susanas -- Robert Taylor


Older Posts

Reel Cowboys, Cowgirls and Their Hosses (2011- 2012)

Reel Cowboys -- Chatsworth's Six-Gun Heroes (delicate)

Be sure to check my list of movies lensed in the Santa Susana Pass (aka Boulder Pass)



Wednesday, November 7, 2018

Films of Boulder Pass - A Comprehensive List

Celebrating 100 years+ of Chatsworth (Santa Susana Pass aka Boulder Pass) Movies

Some fascinating Iverson Ranch "rock stars" still exist (Nyoka Cliff 2011)

There have been a few newcomers visiting my blog, so I figure it would be a good idea to create an overview of my celebration of 100 years of Chatsworth Movie making.

In Chatsworth's backyard, there remains a fantasyland that was forever made famous by Hollywood…

A place where Superman once captured the evil Luthor in his hidden Stoney Point cave, where Batman wrestled a criminal on top of a speeding locomotive, where Tarzan the Ape Man found an ancient elephant graveyard, and where John Wayne's fighting Seabees pushed a Japanese tank off the same cliff that Nyoka used to escape Vultura’s killer ape.

The place is Boulder Pass.  It was the jungles of India and Africa, the sands of the Sahara, the Khyber Pass between Pakistan and Afghanistan, the plains of Montana, and the High Sierras and the Rocky Mountains all rolled into one.  

It was the scene of stagecoach holdups, posses chasing outlaws on owlhoot (outlaw) trails, Indians attacking white settlers in remote cabins, flying rocket men, and unearthly spaceship landings.  It was a land for make-believe. It could be anything a Hollywood director fancied.

Boulder Pass is a fictitious name borrowed from an old B-Western movie.  The real place is the Santa Susana Pass in Chatsworth, California.  For over  a century, the Santa Susana Pass has been home to the granddaddy of all movie location ranches--the Iverson Ranch.


My name is Jerry England.  I live in Chatsworth.  In fact, I can see the rocky remains of the Iverson Ranch from my front porch.  I am also an author (see http://www.cowboyup.com/) and movie historian who has been researching Chatsworth's filming locations  for more than a dozen years.


Locations researched include: Iverson Ranch, Brandeis Ranch, Burro Flats, Bell Ranch, Spahn Ranch, Chatsworth Lake, Chatsworth Trains, Roy Rogers' Double R Bar Ranch, and Corriganville

In 2012, we celebrated 100 years since D.W. Griffith cranked the first motion picture camera while shooting a short film titled Man's Genesis (1912).  

Since then I've been paying homage to Chatsworth Movies by sharing film titles and memorabilia discovered during my research:


Early and Silent Films

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- The beginning (1912 - 1922)

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Sound arrives (1923 - 1929)

Classic Movies

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- 1930s Classic Movies

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- 1940s Classic Movies

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Classics 1950 - 1953

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Classics 1954 - 1956

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Classics 1957 - 1959

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Classics after 1960

Cliffhangers

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- 1930s Cliffhangers (Serials)

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- 1940s Cliffhangers (Serials)

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- 1950s Cliffhangers (Serials)



Westerns

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns (1930 - 1936)

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns (1937 - 1939)

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1940

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1941

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1942

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1943

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1944

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1945

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1946

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1947

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1948

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1949

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1950

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1951

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1952

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1953

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1954

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1955

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1956

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1957

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1958

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns 1959

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies -- Westerns after 1960

TV Westerns

'Wait for me, Wild Bill!' -- Chatsworth's TV Westerns

TV Filming at Corriganville



Best Chatsworth Movies

Best Chatsworth Movies -- Stagecoach (1939)

Best Chatsworth Movies -- They Died with Their Boots On (1941)

Best Chatsworth Movies -- The Oklahoma Kid (1939)

The Oklahoma Kid and 'Whizzer'

Best Chatsworth Movies -- Wee Willie Winkie (1937)

Was Billy the Kid (1930) filmed in Porter Ranch? YES it Was!

Hi-yo, Silver! Away! -- "The Lone Ranger" (1956)

Best Chatsworth Movies -- Land Beyond the Law (1937)

Best Chatsworth Movies -- The Grapes of Wrath (1940)

Best Chatsworth Movies -- The Fighting Seabees (1944)

Best Chatsworth Movies -- Charge of the Light Brigade (1936)

Best Chatsworth Movies -- Perils of Nyoka (1942)

Best Chatsworth Movies -- "Ride 'Em Cowboy" (1942)

Best Chatsworth Movies -- The Taming of the West (1939)

Best Chatsworth Movies -- The Trusted Outlaw (1937)

Best Chatsworth Movies -- The Renegade Ranger (1938)

Best Chatsworth Movies -- Three Ages (1923)

Best Chatsworth Movies -- The Gallant Legion (1948)

Best Chatsworth Movies -- The Lives of a Bengal Lancer

Best Chatsworth Movies -- Tell It to the Marines (1926)

Best  Chatsworth Movies -- The Terror Tiny Town (1938)

Newly Discovered Iverson Ranch Western Titles

Older Posts (duplicates)

Celebrating 100 years of Chatsworth Movies - Overview



Wednesday, June 13, 2018

Complicated relationship of the Governor of Montreal and Rene Bourassa


IT’S COMPLICATED, but in March 1729, Charles Lemoine de Longueuil, GOVERNOR OF MONTREAL granted permission to René Bourassa [who is related by marriage] to carry letters to New England.

• Charles Lemoine de Longueuil, Governor of Montreal’s father is Charles Le Moyne de Longueuil et de Chateauguay who is the brother-in-law AND Trading Post partner of Jacques Leber our 9th great-uncle.

• Jacques Leber, our 9th great-uncle, is the brother of Francois Leber (a voyageur) our 8th great-grandfather.

• Francois Leber’s daughter Marie Le Ber, our 7th great-grandmother, is the wife of Francois Bourassa AND is the mother of Rene Bourassa dit LaRonde.

RENÉ BOURASSA DIT LA RONDE IS A COUREUR DE BOIS: A FUR TRADER WHO TRADES DIRECTLY WITH THE INDIANS.

In the early decades of the 18th century the merchants in the English colonies were paying on the average twice the French price for beaver pelts.  Tempted by these profits, René Bourassa, dit La Ronde, ventured into the extensive illicit trade between Montreal and Albany, New York.  He was caught, however, and in July 1722 fined 500 livres.

By 1726 he had entered the western trade, which his father had followed over 30 years earlier.  In partnership with Nicolas Sarrazin and François Lefebvre Duplessis Faber, Bourassa dispatched canoes to the pays d’en haut in 1726.  The following year he traded to Baie-des-Puants (Green Bay, Wis.), where Duplessis was commandant. 

ALTHOUGH HIS MAIN FOCUS WAS THE WESTERN TRADE, IN MARCH 1729 BOURASSA CARRIED LETTERS TO NEW ENGLAND, A TRIP WHICH WAS PROBABLY COVER FOR ILLEGAL TRADE.




By 1735 he was connected with business associates of Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye. In that year Bourassa hired engagés to go to La Vérendrye’s posts at Fort Saint-Charles (on Lake of the Woods) and Fort Maurepas (a few miles above the mouth of the Red River). He himself was at Saint-Joseph (Niles, Mich.) in July but wintered with the explorer at Saint-Charles.

In 1736, Rene Bourassa established a small trading post on Crane Lake where the Vermillion River flows into it.

He eventually settled at Michilimackinac where he spend many years .



Thursday, May 24, 2018

Great-Grandfather, was a soldier in the Régiment de la Reine



Michel Vielle, our 5th great-grandfather, was a soldier in the Régiment de la Reine, in the Compagnie Captain Guillaume de Montbrais.

Michel Vielle dit Cossé (1724–1805) 5th great-grandfather
BIRTH ABOUT 1724 • Cossé, Mayenne, Pays de la Loire, France
DEATH 7 MAR 1805 • La Prairie (Notre-Dame-de-LaPrairie-de-la-Madeleine), Québec

His two sons Joseph and Michel became voyageurs for the North West Company in the 1790s.

History of the Régiment de la Reine -- Regiment of the Queen -- during the Seven Years' War

The two battalions of this regiment operated on different theaters of operation for most of the Seven Years' War. The 1st Battalion remained in Europe while the 2nd was sent to Canada.

2nd Battalion (from wikipedia)

On May 3 1755, the 2nd Battalion (12 companies: Assezat, Bayard, Delmas, Desnoës, Faudoas, Hébécourt, Hébécourt, Lass, Montbrais, (Captain Guillaume de Montbrais), Montreuil, Pascalis, Peres) embarked at Rochefort for Canada under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Jean-Georges Dejean de Roquemaure. The ship of the line Lys, transporting 4 of these companies was captured on June 8 by the Royal Navy off the coasts of Newfoundland before reaching Québec.

The 8 remaining companies of the 2nd Battalion disembarked at Québec on June 23. Soon after, they were sent to relieve Fort Saint-Frédéric (present-day Crown Point) and to put a stop to the British advance on Lake Champlain. On September 8, 2 companies of the 2nd Battalion, under Dieskau, took part in the Combat of Lake George. Along with 2 companies of Languedoc Infanterie, these 2 companies of La Reine Infanterie were the first French regulars to take part in a battle in North America during the Seven Years' War. After this battle, British provincial troops maintained their position but stopped their progression on Fort Saint-Frédéric. The regiment took its winter-quarters in Montréal.

In May 1756, the 2nd Battalion was posted at Carillon (present-day Ticonderoga) where it took part in the construction of Fort Carillon. The Marquis de Montcalm arrived at Carillon during the Summer and considered the place secure. When Montcalm left for Lake Ontario, the battalion remained at Carillon with the small force placed under the command of the Chevalier de Lévis to defend the place. On November 2, the battalion left Carillon to reach its winters-quarters upstream from Québec on the left bank of the Saint-Laurent River at Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré and Beauport.

By July 20 1757, a French force totaling 8,000 men (including the 2nd Battalion) was gathered at Carillon. On August 1, this force left Carillon with Montcalm and advanced upon Fort William Henry. The battalion then took part in the siege of Fort William Henry which lasted from August 5 to 9. On August 16, after the capture and destruction of the fort, the French force reembarked and returned to Carillon. On September 4, the battalion left Carillon and arrived at Saint-Jean on September 7. It then worked at the fortification of the place. On October 12, a piquet of the battalion was sent to Carillon to garrison the place during winter. On October 27, Lévis sent the battalion to Québec to garrison the town during winter.

On March 13 1758, Indian scouts located a party of Rogers' Rangers near Fort Carillon. A small detachment of the battalion was among the party sent against them. They engaged them during the so called skirmish of Snow Shoes. The rangers lost 125 men in this engagement.

On May 15, the shortage of supplies was such in Québec that the battalion, who had wintered there, left the town for Carillon where ampler supplies were available. On June 3, it arrived at Carillon where all other regular battalions were assembling to stop the British offensive on Lake Champlain.

On June 30, the battalion was part of Bourlamaque's detachment who took position at the head of the portage at the outlet of Lake Saint-Sacrement (present-day Lake George).

On July 6, it followed the main French force to the left bank of the fall before retreating to Carillon. On July 7, it worked at the entrenchment in front of the fort. On July 8, the battalion took part in the victorious Battle of Carillon where it was deployed at the extremity of the right wing under Lévis. In this battle, the battalion lost Lieutenant Daudin and 7 soldiers killed; and Captain d'Hébécourt, Captain Le Comte, 2 lieutenants and 45 soldiers wounded. Between November 1 and 5, the entire French army left Carillon to move to its winter-quarters, leaving detachments from various battalions to guard the fort. The battalion took up its winter-quarters between Saint-Augustin and Grondines.

In 1759, the 2nd Battalion formed part of Bourlamaque's force assigned to stop the British advance from Lake Champlain. In September, after the capitulation of Québec, the 2nd Battalion withdrew towards Montréal where the remnants of the French army were concentrating. In November, the regiment took up its winter-quarters along the Chambly River.

By March 1760, 51 men of the battalion had been detached to Saint-Jean while 36 were unfit for duties. This left 358 men available for the planned expedition against Québec. The latter were supplemented by 237 men from the militias of Chambly, Saint-Charles, Saint-Denis, Saint-Antoine and Saint-Ours who were integrated into the battalion.

From April 21 to 25, transport vessels gradually sailed from Montréal for Québec. Overall the battalion then counted 27 officers, 370 regulars, 223 militia and 38 non-combatants for a total of 658 men.

On April 28, it took part in the Battle of Sainte-Foy where it was deployed in the second line. On May 24, after the arrival of British reinforcements at Québec, the battalion left Jacques-Cartier. In mid August, La Reine Infanterie and Royal Roussillon Infanterie were sent to Saint-Jean under the command of M. de Roquemaure who was later reinforced with all the Milice du district de Montréal. On September 9, after the capitulation of Montréal, the battalion still counted 346 men and 21 officers.

On September 16, as per the terms of the capitulation, the battalion was embarked aboard British transports who reached Québec on October 10 and 11 and then sailed for France where they arrived in December.


It is unknown if Michel Vielle dit Cossé was left behind in October of 1760, because he was wounded or a prisoner of war, or perhaps he went to France with the regiment, and returned before he married Marie Elisabeth Marier (1740–1785) on 3 Aug 1761 in St-Charles-sur-Richelieu, Quebec

About Captain Guillaume de Montbrais

During much of the war Montcalm placed Canadian regular officers and some French officers, those “most agreeable to the different nations”, with Indian scouting and raiding parties, and under their leadership and guidance--the Frenchmen were not authorized to give orders to Indian warriors—the natives perform ed valuable service for his army.  Numerous officers from Montcalm ’s line regiments served with Indians because there were not enough Canadian regular officers to lead the militia and act as military attaches with the Indians; after all, they had their own French colonial regulars to command. 

Captain Guillaum e de Montbrais of the Regiment de La Reine reported that during his five years in Canada he spent a total of only eighteen months recuperating in quarters because during the campaigning season and the winter he was on detached service with the Indians at the advanced posts.  Swiss line officers with the Regiment Suisse de Karrer in Louisiana also spent a considerable amount of time fighting against Indians and in company with them.